Which method involves pouring penetrant over the test specimen?

The method that involves pouring penetrant over the test specimen is known as flowing. This technique allows the penetrant to cover the surface evenly and ensures that it seeps into any discontinuities present on the surface. Flowing is particularly useful for large or flat surfaces where even coverage is crucial for accurate detection of flaws.

The other methods, while useful in different contexts, do not involve pouring. Spraying typically provides a fine mist of penetrant over the surface, which can be less effective for ensuring thorough penetration into larger gaps. Dipping involves submerging the entire specimen into a penetrant bath, which is effective but not as controlled as pouring over specific sections. Brushing with penetrant is more labor-intensive and may not provide the same level of penetration as pouring, as it relies on manual application rather than providing a uniform layer. Each method has its specific applications depending on the size and shape of the test specimen, but for the act of pouring, flowing is the correct terminology.